A probe sonicator, also known as an ultrasonic probe or ultrasonic homogenizer, is a laboratory instrument used for various applications such as sample preparation, dispersion, emulsification, cell disruption, and nanoparticle synthesis. It utilizes ultrasonic waves generated by a vibrating probe to provide mechanical energy for the processing of samples. Here are the key components and features of a probe sonicator:

1. Probe Transducer: The probe sonicator consists of a vibrating probe transducer, usually made of titanium or other suitable materials, which generates ultrasonic waves. The transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical vibrations, producing high-frequency sound waves.
2. Power Supply: The probe sonicator requires an electrical power supply to operate. The power supply provides the necessary electrical energy to drive the transducer and control the ultrasonic waves generated.
3. Amplitude Control: Probe sonicators often include an amplitude control feature, which allows users to adjust the intensity of the ultrasonic waves. This enables control over the energy delivered to the sample and helps optimize the processing conditions for different applications.
4. Control Panel: The control panel of a probe sonicator typically includes buttons or knobs for adjusting parameters such as power, amplitude, and processing time. Some advanced models may have a digital display that provides real-time information and allows for precise parameter adjustments.
5. Probe Tip: The probe sonicator features a removable probe tip or horn that comes into direct contact with the sample being processed. The probe tip transfers the ultrasonic energy to the sample, enabling efficient sample treatment and processing.
6. Cooling System: Probe sonicators may incorporate a cooling system, such as a water circulation system or a built-in cooling fan, to prevent overheating of the transducer and maintain stable operating conditions during prolonged use.
7. Sample Vessel: Samples are typically placed in a suitable vessel or container for processing with the probe sonicator. The vessel should be compatible with the ultrasonic energy and chosen based on the specific application requirements.
8. Safety Features: Probe sonicators often include safety features to ensure safe operation. These can include automatic shut-off mechanisms to prevent overheating, overload protection, and protective measures to avoid electrical hazards.
9. Probe Stand: Some probe sonicators come with a dedicated probe stand or holder, which provides stability and facilitates safe and convenient storage of the probe when not in use. The probe stand also helps prevent damage to the probe tip.
10. Applications and Accessories: Probe sonicators are versatile instruments used in various scientific fields. They may come with additional accessories such as sample holders, temperature sensors, or flow cells to enable specific applications like temperature-controlled reactions, continuous processing, or in situ monitoring.